Acquired Blepharoptosis
Signs and Symptoms
The word ptosis generally describes a drooping or sagging of the upper eyelid; however, the term is not specific to the lids...
Acquired Ectropion
Signs and Symptoms
Ectropion represents a condition of eyelid malpositioning in which the lid margin rotates outward, away from the ocular surface. This phenomenon may...
Acquired Entropion
Signs and Symptoms
Entropion represents a condition of eyelid malpositioning in which the lid margin rotates inward against the ocular surface.1-8 This phenomenon may occur...
Benign Eessential Blepharospasm
Signs and Symptoms
Blepharospasm represents an eye-specific form of dystonia, a neurological condition marked by involuntary movements and extended muscular contractions.1 Benign essential blepharospasm (BEB)...
Blowout Fracture
Signs and Symptoms
Blunt trauma to the orbital rim is the typical cause of orbital floor and medial orbital wall fractures.1-4 While there is no...
Chronic Epiphora
Signs and Symptoms
Epiphora describes the spillover of tears from the eye onto the lids and ocular adnexa. It is not a diagnosis, but rather...
Contact Dermatitis
Contact-Dermatitis-BContact-Dermatitis-A
Signs and Symptoms
Contact dermatitis is an inflammatory reaction of the skin, including the eyelid(s) and periocular adnexa. The presentation may occur unilaterally or bilaterally,...
Dacryoadenitis
Signs and Symptoms
Patients with dacryoadenitis may be highly symptomatic or only mildly distracted by their cosmetic appearance, depending upon the underlying etiology and clinical...
Dacryocystitis
Signs and Symptoms
Acute dacryocystitis (lacrimal sac mucocele) is an infection of the lacrimal sac.1-7 It can occur as result of the elements or remnants...
Ecchymosis and Blunt Orbital Trauma
Signs and Symptoms
The word ecchymosis takes its origin from the Greek words ek (to extravasate blood from) and chymos (juice) to mean “a spilling...
Eyelid Laceration
Signs and Symptoms
Patients with eyelid lacerations will present with varying degrees of eyelid swelling, edema, ecchymosis and bleeding.1 Eyelid lacerations can result from blunt...
Eyelid Myokymia
Signs and Symptoms
The word myokymia is derived from the Greek words myo, meaning muscle, and kyma, meaning wave. It is defined by complex, involuntary,...
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
Signs and Symptoms
Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) represents a chronic disorder of the lids, lid margins and preocular tear film. As a rule, the condition...
Neurofibromatosis
Neurofibromatosis (NF) is a rare, congenital, multisystem disorder that potentially involves the skin, eyes, nerves, brain and/or bones. The two basic forms of NF include type 1 (NF1) and type 2 (NF2), although NF1 is far more common, representing more than 90% of cases encountered clinically.
Ocular Demodicosis
Signs and Symptoms
Demodicosis refers to an infestation by mites of the genus Demodex. In humans, these mites selectively inhabit the skin of the face...
Ocular Rosacea
Ocular rosacea is a common, chronic inflammatory centro-facial dermatosis. The condition affects approximately 16 million Americans, with up to 7% experiencing some form of ocular surface abnormality.
Orbital Cellulitis
Signs and Symptoms
Orbital cellulitis is a vision-threatening infection of the tissues of the orbit.1-5 The condition results from direct spread of infection from the...
Phthisis Bulbi
Signs and Symptoms
Phthisis bulbi is an ocular condition defined by atrophy and disorganization of the intraocular structures that leads to a soft and anatomically...
Preseptal Cellulitis
Signs and Symptoms
Preseptal cellulitis is an infection within the eyelid anterior to the orbital septum.1-5 Signs and symptoms include variable pain upon palpation, redness,...
Proptosis (Exophthalmos)
Signs and Symptoms
Proptosis is a non-ocular term generically meaning “to push forward.” Ocularly, it is the forward projection or displacement of the eyeball.1 Exophthalmos...
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Signs and Symptoms
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common malignant neoplasm of the eyelid (after basal cell carcinoma), accounting for 5% to...
Trichiasis
Trichiasis is defined as the misdirection of one or more eyelashes toward the ocular surface. By definition, minor trichiasis involves fewer than five cilia, while major trichiasis affects five or more.
Verruca and Papilloma
Verruca vulgaris is defined as a small, multi-lobulated, firm-but-moveable growth of the outer layers of the skin or mucus membranes. Warts, as they are commonly known, come in varied shapes and sizes.
Xanthelasma
Signs and Symptoms
The term xanthelasma is derived from the Greek xanthos (meaning “yellow”) and elasma (meaning “plate”). Xanthelasma are seen clinically as oval or...