Acute Allergic Conjunctivitis
Signs and Symptoms
Allergic conjunctivitis is the most common manifestation of ocular allergy, affecting between 20% and 40% of the US population.1-11 Acute allergic conjunctivitis...
Acute Bacterial Conjunctivitis
Signs and Symptoms
Patients with acute bacterial conjunctivitis present with injection of the bulbar conjunctival and episcleral vessels. In some cases, the palpebral conjunctiva is...
Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis
Signs and Symptoms
Atopy is a genetic predisposition to develop an allergic reaction.1 Systemic examples include allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. The ocular correlate is...
Blue Sclera
Signs and Symptoms
Blue sclera is not a diagnosis but rather a sign of imperfect connective tissue, collagen and collagen-vascular construction and assemblance.1-10 The etiology...
Chlamydial and Gonococcal Conjunctivitis
Signs and Symptoms
Chlamydial infection is recognized as the world's most common sexually transmitted disease.1-8 The spectrum of ocular sequelae includes trachoma, adult inclusion conjunctivitis...
Conjunctival Abrasion and Laceration
Signs and Symptoms
While corneal abrasions are among the most common presenting problems in the practice of primary eye care, conjunctival lacerations are uncommon.1-13 Conjunctival...
Conjunctival Cysts
Patients with mucus fishing syndrome (MFS) present with a chief complaint of chronic or excessive stringy discharge from one or both eyes, as well as varying degrees of accompanying ocular irritation.
Conjunctival Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is the most common neoplasm of the ocular surface in immunocompetent individuals. It is the precursor to conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in situ (CIS or SCC) of the conjunctival epithelium, the most common ocular surface neoplasm in all patient populations.
Conjunctival Lymphoma
Signs and Symptoms
While basal cell carcinoma, sebaceous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma are the most common malignancies of the periocular skin, lymphoma represents the...
Conjunctivochalasis
Conjunctivochalasis (CCh) represents an ocular surface condition in which there is atypical redundancy and laxity of the bulbar conjunctiva, without the presence of edema. It is most commonly seen with aging, and may present with a wide range of symptoms that are usually ascribed to dry eye disease.
Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis
Giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC) is an inflammation initiated by microtrauma to the superior palpebral conjunctiva. It is associated with mechanical stimulation from either a contact lens, sutures or a prosthesis.
Herpes Simplex Conjunctivitis
Signs and Symptoms
The herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a common pathogen and a frequent source of ocular infection.1-6 Nearly 60% of the American population...
Limbal Dermoid
Signs and Symptoms
Limbal dermoids, also known as epibulbar or conjunctival dermoids, are generally seen as well-circumscribed oval mass lesions of the ocular surface. They...
Membranous And Pseudomembranous Conjunctivitis
Signs and Symptoms
Conjunctivitis refers to any generalized inflammation of the conjunctival tissues. Numerous etiologies, including infection, toxicity, allergy and autoimmune disease, may be implicated;...
Mucus Fishing Syndrome
Patients with mucus fishing syndrome (MFS) present with a chief complaint of chronic or excessive stringy discharge from one or both eyes, as well as varying degrees of accompanying ocular irritation.
Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid
Signs and Symptoms
Mucous membrane pemphigoid is a heterogeneous group of autoimmune diseases.1-10 It affects primarily the mucous membranes of both the oral and ocular...
Ocular Melanosis
Signs and Symptoms
Ocular melanosis represents a pigmented discoloration of the superficial ocular tissues. Patients are not symptomatic with regard to discomfort or visual disturbance,...
Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia
Signs and Symptoms
Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) refers to a spectrum of cancerous and precancerous lesions of the conjunctiva; the term encompasses several conditions,...
Pinguecula and Pingueculitis
Signs and Symptoms
Pingueculae are characterized by yellowish, slightly raised, interpalpebral exacerbations of tissue in the nasal and temporal bulbar conjunctiva.1-14 In most cases, pingueculae...
Pterygium
Signs and Symptoms
Pterygium (plural: pterygia) is typically discovered upon routine ocular evaluation in asymptomatic individuals, or in patients who present with a cosmetic concern...
Pyogenic Granuloma
Signs and Symptoms
Pyogenic granulomas typically present as solitary, rapidly evolving papules or nodules on the skin of the face or lips, or the mucosal...
Scleral Melt
Signs and Symptoms
Scleral melt—also known as scleral ischemia or scleral necrosis—is an uncommon condition that typically presents in older adults. In most cases, scleral...
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
Signs and Symptoms
Subconjunctival hemorrhage (SCH) is a frequently seen ocular condition. Patients typically present acutely, often with great anxiety regarding a “blood-red eye.” A...
Viral Conjunctivitis
Signs and Symptoms
The two frequently encountered forms of viral conjunctivitis are pharyngoconjunctival fever (PCF) and epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC).1–11 Pharyngoconjunctival fever is characterized by a...