Conjunctiva and Sclera

Signs and Symptoms Allergic conjunctivitis is the most common manifestation of ocular allergy, affecting between 20% and 40% of the US population.1-11 Acute allergic conjunctivitis...

Signs and Symptoms Patients with acute bacterial conjunctivitis present with injection of the bulbar conjunctival and episcleral vessels. In some cases, the palpebral conjunctiva is...

Signs and Symptoms Atopy is a genetic predisposition to develop an allergic reaction.1 Systemic examples include allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. The ocular correlate is...

Signs and Symptoms Blue sclera is not a diagnosis but rather a sign of imperfect connective tissue, collagen and collagen-vascular construction and assemblance.1-10 The etiology...

Signs and Symptoms Chlamydial infection is recognized as the world's most common sexually transmitted disease.1-8 The spectrum of ocular sequelae includes trachoma, adult inclusion conjunctivitis...

Signs and Symptoms While corneal abrasions are among the most common presenting problems in the practice of primary eye care, conjunctival lacerations are uncommon.1-13 Conjunctival...

Patients with mucus fishing syndrome (MFS) present with a chief complaint of chronic or excessive stringy discharge from one or both eyes, as well as varying degrees of accompanying ocular irritation.

Conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is the most common neoplasm of the ocular surface in immunocompetent individuals. It is the precursor to conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in situ (CIS or SCC) of the conjunctival epithelium, the most common ocular surface neoplasm in all patient populations.

Signs and Symptoms While basal cell carcinoma, sebaceous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma are the most common malignancies of the periocular skin, lymphoma represents the...

Conjunctivochalasis (CCh) represents an ocular surface condition in which there is atypical redundancy and laxity of the bulbar conjunctiva, without the presence of edema. It is most commonly seen with aging, and may present with a wide range of symptoms that are usually ascribed to dry eye disease.

Giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC) is an inflammation initiated by microtrauma to the superior palpebral conjunctiva. It is associated with mechanical stimulation from either a contact lens, sutures or a prosthesis.

Signs and Symptoms The herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a common pathogen and a frequent source of ocular infection.1-6 Nearly 60% of the American population...

Signs and Symptoms Limbal dermoids, also known as epibulbar or conjunctival dermoids, are generally seen as well-circumscribed oval mass lesions of the ocular surface. They...

Signs and Symptoms Conjunctivitis refers to any generalized inflammation of the conjunctival tissues. Numerous etiologies, including infection, toxicity, allergy and autoimmune disease, may be implicated;...

Patients with mucus fishing syndrome (MFS) present with a chief complaint of chronic or excessive stringy discharge from one or both eyes, as well as varying degrees of accompanying ocular irritation.

Signs and Symptoms Mucous membrane pemphigoid is a heterogeneous group of autoimmune diseases.1-10 It affects primarily the mucous membranes of both the oral and ocular...

Signs and Symptoms Ocular melanosis represents a pigmented discoloration of the superficial ocular tissues. Patients are not symptomatic with regard to discomfort or visual disturbance,...

Signs and Symptoms Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) refers to a spectrum of cancerous and precancerous lesions of the conjunctiva; the term encompasses several conditions,...

Signs and Symptoms Pingueculae are characterized by yellowish, slightly raised, interpalpebral exacerbations of tissue in the nasal and temporal bulbar conjunctiva.1-14 In most cases, pingueculae...

Signs and Symptoms Pterygium (plural: pterygia) is typically discovered upon routine ocular evaluation in asymptomatic individuals, or in patients who present with a cosmetic concern...

Signs and Symptoms Pyogenic granulomas typically present as solitary, rapidly evolving papules or nodules on the skin of the face or lips, or the mucosal...

Signs and Symptoms Scleral melt—also known as scleral ischemia or scleral necrosis—is an uncommon condition that typically presents in older adults. In most cases, scleral...

Signs and Symptoms Subconjunctival hemorrhage (SCH) is a frequently seen ocular condition. Patients typically present acutely, often with great anxiety regarding a “blood-red eye.” A...

Signs and Symptoms The two frequently encountered forms of viral conjunctivitis are pharyngoconjunctival fever (PCF) and epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC).1–11 Pharyngoconjunctival fever is characterized by a...